Key takeaways for pond aeration

• Decline in fish population and the resulting increase in dragonflies due to pond eutrophication, hydroperiod modification, and pollution indirectly harm insect-pollinated plants. The findings emphasize how different interconnected ecosystems drive landscape-level impacts.

General takeaways:

• Results indicate that fish presence lowers larval and adult dragonfly population in and around ponds, causing cascading indirect effects on pollinator visitation rates and plant reproductive output in adjacent land.
• Interactions across ecosystem types (aquatic and terrestrial) may be key to gauging the effects of human activity on environmental change.